Common faults and troubleshooting of power adapter

1、 Line fault

Line fault, including power line damage, no power supply, contact oxidation, poor contact, etc. Focus on checking whether the input line and output line are powered on.

In case of line failure, it can be solved by replacing the power line.

2、 Output voltage too low

The following are the main causes of low output voltage:

2.1 switching power supply load short circuit fault (especially DC / DC converter short circuit or poor performance, etc.), at this time, first disconnect all loads of the switching power supply circuit and check whether the switching power supply circuit fault or the load circuit fault. If the load circuit is disconnected and the voltage output is normal, it indicates that the load is too heavy; Or it is still abnormal, indicating that there is a fault in the switching power supply circuit.

2.2 the failure of the filter capacitor or rectifier diode at the output voltage end can be judged by the replacement method.

2.3 the performance of the switch tube decreases, resulting in the failure of the switch tube to conduct normally, increasing the internal resistance of the power supply and reducing the load capacity. 2.4 poor switching transformer will not only cause the output voltage to drop, but also cause insufficient excitation of the switch tube, which will damage the switch tube. 2.5 poor 300V filter capacitor will cause poor load capacity of the power supply, and the output voltage will drop when connected to the load.

3、 Output voltage too high

High output voltage generally comes from regulated sampling and regulated control circuit. In the closed control loop composed of DC output, sampling resistance, error sampling amplifier such as TL431, optocoupler, power control chip and other circuits, any problem of any part will cause the output voltage to rise.

4、 The fuse tube is normal without output voltage

The fuse tube is normal and there is no output voltage, indicating that the switching power supply does not work or enters the protection state. The first step is to check the value of the starting voltage of the starting pin of the power control chip. If there is no starting voltage or the starting voltage is too low, check whether the external components of the starting pin and the starting resistance have leakage.

If the power control chip is normal, the fault can be quickly found through the above monitoring. If there is starting voltage, measure whether there is high-level and low-level jump at the output end of the control chip at the moment of starting. If there is no jump, it indicates that the control chip is damaged, the peripheral oscillation circuit elements are damaged or the protection circuit is faulty. Check it one by one by replacing the control chip and checking the peripheral elements; In case of jump, the switch tube is poor or damaged in most cases.

5、 The fuse burns or blows up

Mainly check the rectifier bridge, diodes, switches and large filter capacitors on 300V. It may cause the fuse to burn and blacken, or it may be caused by the problem of anti-interference circuit. In particular, it is worth noting that the fuse burns due to the breakdown of the switch tube, which usually burns out the power control chip and current